U.S. Solar Manufacturing: A Supply Chain Analysis
This interactive map showcases the U.S. domestic solar supply chain. This includes all known U.S. facilities that manufacture components for the solar sector and includes details on their operating status, product type, and capacity (where available). If you have trouble viewing the map, click here.
About the Map
There are 335 U.S.-based facilities across the solar supply chain on the map. This includes:
| Core Photovoltaic (PV) Module Components | Other PV Modules | Electronics | Tracking & Structure | Other |
| PV Module | Polymeric backsheet (laminators) | Inverter | Trackers | Adhesives |
| PV cell (crystalline or thin-film) | Encapsulants | Inverter subcomponents | Torque tube | Sealants |
| PV wafer | Flat glass | Optimizers | Structural fasteners | |
| c-Si ingot | Bus ribbons/PV Wire | Combiner boxes | Other tracker components | |
| Solar-grade polysilicon | Bipass diodes | Other tracker components | ||
| Metallurgical-Grade Silicon (MGS) | Pottants | Racking / Mounting structures (aluminum and steel) | ||
| Junction box (including connectors) | ||||
| Frames |
Supply Chain Analysis
This spreadsheet evaluates the domestic manufacturing capacity for each of the main components within the solar supply chain, using readily available data. The domestic supply rate is the primary metric for this evaluation. This measure tells us the degree to which domestic production fulfills domestic demand, indicating the strength of domestic manufacturing. This figure is calculated by dividing total domestic capacity for each component, by total domestic demand.
These metrics are then used to classify the production capacity for each component into one of four categories, as follows:
None: Domestic production meets 0% of domestic demand.
Limited: Domestic production supplies less than 25% of domestic demand.
Moderate: Domestic production supplies between 25% to 75% of domestic demand.
Significant: Domestic production supplies over 75% of domestic demand.
Click the link below to download the spreadsheet.
We drew capacity data from a variety of sources, detailed in the spreadsheet. In many cases, total domestic capacity is based on the sum of individual facilities’ capacity values. Since we weren’t able to find capacity values for every facility, these values may be underestimates. On the other hand, the values often represent nameplate capacity—what the facility could produce when all its equipment is installed. Nameplate capacity can be higher than the operational capacity—what the facility can produce with the equipment currently installed. Additionally, in some cases a substantial part of the capacity for a component or material is taken up by an industry other than solar PV.
For most components, domestic demand is assumed to be 43 GW, based on projected installations over the next five years in the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) 2025 Solar Market Insight Report. SEIA’s estimates do not account for the accelerated phase-out of clean energy tax credits for solar in the recently signed reconciliation package, so this number may be an overestimate.
In addition to information on domestic capacity the spreadsheet contains a count of currently operational facilities, information on the international supply chain, and whether the component is eligible for the 45X Advanced Manufacturing Tax Credit and/or appears in the U.S. Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) Domestic Content Bonus Safe Harbor Tables. In the latter case, the spreadsheet further notes whether the IRS considers the component an “Applicable Project Component” (APC, meaning a standalone component) or “Manufactured Project Component” (MPC, meaning a subcomponent of an APC).